Women are in a position of inferiority in
Japan. The proper roles for a woman are liable to manage family and support men.
Today, the movement to change this gender inequality has arisen and Japanese
life-style has changed, more and more women come to have roles outside the
house. However, Japanese women who pursue power, prestige or material success
in their own right, still face a problem with their achievement.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, men
and women were treated unequally, and women were in a marked inferiority
position. People believed that women had
to do housework and take care of their children, while men work outside. The
important role for women beside the house work was only respecting for men.
These gender inequalities were common all over the world.
However, the equality between men and women
has improved by the women's right movement lately, although the movement is not
perfect in Japan. The first movement happened in the United States, so that the
women's right has made rapid progress in the United States. This movement in
the United States has also had impact in Japan. Because of the characteristic
of the Japanese to accept foreign ideas and fashions, a Western-style women's
movement arises in Japan. This movement is tiny, fragmented and slavishly
imitative of the women's movement in the United State, although this women's
movement surely will have more power in the future.
Another important reason for progress the gender
equality in Japan is from their life-style changes. As advance of
globalization, Japanese life-style has been Americanized. For example, nuclear family patterns have
spread widely and household appliances have proliferated, resulting in reducing
the amount of the time that a Japanese woman must spend on housework. Therefore,
Japanese women come to have both ability and freedom to do something besides managing
their family. This life-style change has also caused the problem with shortage
of money for their life. Indeed, only one wage earner to support their life has
been difficult, because the standard of their desired life have been higher
than before, and they need more money for achievement the life. Those sifts in Japanese
life-style have given more desire for women to work outside.
Although the movement and shift have
improved the gender equality, Japanese women still face a problem with their
achievement outside the home. In fact, more and more Japanese women hold jobs
every year. However, unlike in the
United States, women still play only the most peripheral part, so that the
salary of the average woman is lower than the average man. Despite this
inequality, career-minded women are increasing. Indeed, younger women who go to
college or university are increasingly common, and they are better educated
than their mothers. Those educated women want to achieve outside the house. Furthermore,
most Japanese women believed that women who have the desire and ability should
be allowed to enter the fields previously considered reserved for men. However,
the Japanese industrial and financial institutions are still likely to refuse
to hire women except for menial or clerical jobs.
As a resulting of the women's movement, the
minds of young Japanese men have also changed and the number of men who help with
the children and the housework are increasing. However, many Japanese men still
oppose the idea of equality for women. Even if men agree with the idea of
equality, most Japanese women still lead restricted lives, particularly during
the years when they have small children because of the lack of child care
systems in Japan.
Consequently, Japan still has a problem with
inequality between men and women. The movement to demand women's rights and the
change of their life-style have reduced inequality, but women still have
difficulty achieving important roles outside their house. Due to these
important changes, woman might gain a position more equally in the future.
